Institute of world economics and politics cass

China peripheral security environment assessment: in 2005-2006

Institute of world economics and politics cass

An American asia-pacific strategy on the influence of Chinese security perimeter

Peripheral security environment is always the basic Chinese national strategic environment components and important factors "hetian mouth words, construction of China's diplomacy is world" international strategic blueprint, must to shocks is based around the mouth words. This paper argues that, in 2006 China peripheral security environment overall situation is stable, southern pp.7, north west improvement, the eastern nervous, specific presents following characteristics: first, safety south this nearly three years of China's peripheral security posture change trend largest continues, China's current peripheral security threats focused primarily on the eastern Asia and southern regions. Second, as the impact of the important factors Chinese security perimeter, U.S. policy in "containment" and "contact" both in Asia, the United States in strengthening military adjustment and intensified the u.s.-japan security alliance peripheral security of China constitute long-term threat. Third, the sino-japanese political relations continue apathy was once a affects the Chinese security perimeter, along with the new crux of Japanese prime minister's visit, china-japan relations began to show improvement trend. Fourth, the nuclear issue and fast-changing, evolved into a crisis, a significant for Chinese security perimeter test. Fifth, central Asia region to become China's peripheral security in a window.
Through the platform of the Shanghai cooperation organization, China not only keep up with central Asia to peace and stability, and to the border of energy as the core to the deepening economic cooperation gradually. Sixth, in addition to the traditional outside military security, the importance of non-traditional security factors protruding, especially energy cooperation issues will be the future of China's and neighboring countries affect the important variable relationship. Globalization and development of regional cooperation in China and neighboring countries, making the mutual dependence, China's development unprecedented increase impact on the world firstly embodies in neighboring countries and areas, more peripheral countries with China's own development together. Neighboring countries than other countries pay more attention to undoubtedly and profoundly realize China development to the impact of today's world, and at the same time, this concern also unavoidably contains some potential doubts. Therefore, China should construction is the world, says blass mouth starts from first to be around, said all surrounding bluegrass mouth bluegrass said all the world is the cornerstone of the mouth. Neighboring countries, relationships and the development trend of China policy trend namely peripheral security environment, we must attach priority.
The so-called peripheral usually refers to Chinese territory and territorial seas with connected country and region, and given the development of China's foreign relations, in recent years, some scholars in the original peripheral concepts is proposed on the basis of "big peripheral" concept, referring to the above four regional extends outward, west may extend to the Caspian sea and the gulf first, namely and central Asian and South Asia, Middle East regional connected with southeast Asia, eastward into connected to the south Pacific sea. Peripheral security environment is the national strategic environment of the basic components and important factors. With China's own development and regional and international situation changes, neighboring countries in the importance of the more prominent diplomatic global.
This paper refers to the security, included not only the traditional military, political and security, including increasing attention in recent years the counter-terrorism, economy, energy, "non-traditional security" connotation. China peripheral security environment embodies in two levels, multiple content. Two aspects, one is Chinese and neighboring countries bilateral relationship level, 2 it is the regional cooperation multilateral level. Whether bilateral or multilateral relations, and involve political, military, economic, energy and environment multiple content.
This paper analyzed the periphery environment of nearly a year before the situation is given priority to, the unity. Content is divided into five parts: first, American asia-pacific strategy on the influence of China's peripheral security; Second, china-japan relations and northeast Asia security; Third, the Shanghai cooperation organization and Russia, the central Asian security; Fourth, India and South Asia; Fifth, conclusion. In view of the contents of this book other chapters, each part is not trying to arrange, but has the stress.

An American asia-pacific strategy on the influence of Chinese security perimeter

As the world's only superpower, America's strategic substantially affect China's security perimeter, this is also significant in that it is not only affect China security perimeter of a single variables, but also affect other variables global variables. Therefore understanding the current bush administration American asia-pacific security strategy and its influence, is our accurate judgement of the situation, grasp the peripheral security environment change for the important prerequisite.
"Containment + contact" nearly 20 years of U.S. policy toward China's fundamental key, the end of 2005, U.S. policy toward China since the both hands in strengthening. Noteworthy has three trends: one is the U.S. state department around "China is responsible country" talk, 2 it is February 2006 us department of defense "four years defence assessment report" and "march the White House national security report" that the two report "China threat" theory, three is the United States continue to adjust and strengthen its military deployment in the asia-pacific, and alliance experience in new quietly strengthened.

(a) American asia-pacific strategy: how to deal with an emerging power

The core of America's global strategy for global affairs is to maintain its most (we call "hegemony"). In the overall strategy, it under the guidance of the asia-pacific strategic is to prevent the issue in the asia-pacific appear challenge its, leading to the existing order and pattern of so-called "reverse revisionist" countries. And usually, in a different meaning in the international relations theory, the so-called "revisionist" refer to dissatisfaction with the status quo and tendency to change the existing order. America's strategy is focus on maintaining the core unfold supremacy. America's most worried about China's development will likely lead to the United States in Asia influential reduce and even the United States ultimately "squeeze" Asia.

1. China is revisionist country?
In the United States, realism "political mechanics" thinking was very popular. According to this thought, the rise of the emerging countries tend to break the original pattern balance, this is the so-called "revisionist" countries, while America's aim is to prevent this kind of existing balance revisionist countries, namely so-called "the destruction of the status quo."
The hegemonic states aim to maintain existing order, revisionist countries also is the hegemony of the challenger. So sure strategic premise, was to determine whether a status quo in China the country, or the revisionist country, there has been debate within this American. Dominant opinion, China is a certain revisionist tendencies, but target limited, and did not want to run the risk of too big country. Based on this kind of judgment, America to China is taken "contact + contain" strategy. "Contact" means using not mandatory means to improve a rise in the main powers act the factors do not satisfy the current situation, the basic aim is to make the growing power of the way used by peace and order of the regional and global change is consistent. "Containment" is the use of national strength policy changes to the status quo deterrent rise attempt. This policy also called "hedging its bets" (hedge).

2. From "stakeholder" to "responsible stakeholder"
2005 September 21, U.S. deputy secretary of state Robert zoellick (Robert B.Z oellick) in the National committee on u.s.-china Relations (National Relations) China on U.S. Committe u.s.-china Relations problem is titled "China published From where? - a formal member to assume Responsibility" (Whither China: to Membership Responsibility?) - The important speech. Puts forward the so-called "Stakeholder" (Stakeholder) concept, become interpret U.S. policy toward China new trends of vocabulary.
For zoellick speech Chinese scholars have diverse interpretations, the author's understanding is he but reflected the United States government in part to China's pragmatic personage basic judge: first, and the former Soviet union is different, China is existing international system, so China has not benefited overthrow existing international system reason and motivations. Second, since it is the existing international system beneficiaries, China would not only benefit not responsible for, China should bear the corresponding international responsibilities. Zoellick talk clearly identified, "China today is not the late 1940s Soviet comparable". He enumerated four judgement basis: (1) China does not seek to spread the radical anti-american consciousness; (2) the Chinese though not democratic, but don't think they are and global democracy final struggle; (3) China although sometimes adopt mercantilism, but did not consider himself is between capitalism and struggle; (4) the most important is, China don't think our future depends on the basic of the international system to abolish the existing order. "In fact, the situation is the opposite: China's leaders decided that their success depends on and the contemporary world networking." So he decided that "from China's point of view, with our common future development of the international system, more conducive to safeguard China's national interests".
China is the existing international economic system, this point, beneficiaries sino-us say reached a consensus, but if involves international system of political level, the problem is more complex. American scholars ShenDaWei enumerated 35 Asia major issues, including the interests of both countries coincide has 16, conflict with eight, another 11 uncertain.
In July 2006, replace zoellick as competent asia-pacific affairs KeQingSheng (assistant secretary of state hristensen) continue to the Thomas j.carol carroll "stakeholder" this topic. August 3, he in the United States congress the u.s.-china economic and security review commission on the hearing held, the topic to the role of China in the world, China is a responsible stakeholder?" ` s Role in China (the World: China a Stakeholder Is responsibility?) Theme speech. Its core is analysis of America to China international role orientation and on U.S. policy toward China motif. In his speech KeQingSheng took up zoellick "Stakeholder" of the topic, and will promote the step, put forward the so-called "Responsible Stakeholder" (Stakeholder) this evaluation responsibility the new concept of China international role. In his speech KeQingSheng on China and the existing countries continue to sure the relationship that the United States system of China's rise will not, America's strategy as threat is to continue strengthening and China on constructive interactions. He enumerated between the two states in the United Nations, the world trade organization, asean region BBS, apec and other international organizations active cooperation, affirmation China in the six-party talks, the Iran nuclear issue, Afghanistan rebuild, prevention and cure disease, improve energy supply global safeguard etc. Play a major role Meanwhile KeQingSheng also hobbyhorse America to China human rights and religious freedom, trade imbalances, non-proliferation, military transparency and support of the so-called "problem", the criticism of the state. Based on the "performance" of China, he clearly put the judgment of China is not a "responsible stakeholder", but China could become, and the United States encourage China to become a "responsible stakeholder". That is to say, according to the U.S. to China's judgment, although China "conduct" some badly, but still belong to "but education good object", therefore to and "rogue states" distinguish treat.
The Chinese government in the 1990s is clearly put China is "responsible stakeholder", but for a "responsible" content and standard, China and the United States know there is gap. China's so-called "responsible" is to the world, China does not think the United States is responsible for in this issue with the referee's qualification. In addition, the responsibility is mutual and FeiChanXiang, requirement to the United States, then China responsible for Chinese American also should the responsibility. On the one hand strong arms sales to Taiwan, on the other hand also accused the Chinese "military opaque", this is unacceptable. "Responsible" connotation about the different maintain, reflects on what is "should international relations" this problem of recognition, sino-american profound differences existing idea. Nearly 30 years of reform and opening up process shows that China has been trying to change themselves, but how changing, China is according to the direction of identified themselves in advance with the United States, neither against the painstakingly, also won't turn down the American baton. If the United States to China have unrealistic "hope" that eventually can only be disappointed. This kind of hope and disappointed alternant, constitute one reason for oscillation of the sino-us relations.

(2) American asia-pacific military layout adjustment and strengthened alliance

Since the 1990s as the United States since the end of the cold war, an important part of the global military adjustment, the United States has been in the adjustment of its Asia Pacific military layout, with more strategic focus attention in Asia Pacific region, the japan-american security system as the core, consolidate and strengthen bilateral military alliance. The core of America's global military adjustment task is to make U.S. "fine, strong, fast", aims to improve the modern, digital and mobile rapid response capability, maintain frontier military presence. U.S. increasing ability of the remote launch, broke the traditional American asia-pacific military presence geographic category, break through the traditional military cooperation relationship rely solely on base form, make its troop with transatlantic, cross-regional to relevant national or regional military action ability. The United States from three aspects the military adjustment of the war on terror to consider: one is to need; 2 it is in order to cope with the possible regional conflicts; Three is in response to emerging countries.
The product of the cold war as the u.s.-japan alliance, not only with the end of the cold war and exit the stage of history, but has repeatedly strengthened, become the pillar of the American asia-pacific strategy, in recent years, has also undergone the u.s.-japan alliance new improved. In February 2005, the two countries foreign minister and defence minister Washington at the so-called "2 + 2" meet and issued a joint statement, not only says belong to China's internal affairs of the Taiwan issue into their "common strategic objectives", also put forward and studied U.S. military base in Japan is used jointly with Japan's self-defense forces base problem.
The japan-american "2 + 2" joint declaration, is the purpose of the United States in an attempt to become, the military alliance on a global scale, which not only endanger world peace, and will threaten Japanese own peace and security. On May 1, 2006, japan-us security consultation committee meeting (" 2 + 2 "meeting), is the American military in Japan agreed to relocate, published the japan-american" concerning the implementation of the American military in Japan "and redeploy roadmap" 2 + 2 "conference joint statement. At the end of June 2006, Japanese prime minister junichiro koizumi's visit to the United States, and President bush talks and published the new century the japan-american alliance "with the common document, the" common values and interests is the base of the japan-american alliance expanded to "global scale", cooperation between the two countries scope will beyond the traditional security area, marks the japan-american alliances strengthened to a new level.
American asia-pacific military deployment of adjustment, especially the new round of strengthening u.s.-japan military alliance of China and the asia-pacific region, the peace and stability will lead to serious negative effect. The Chinese think, mbt shoes uk the japan-american alliance is a kind of bilateral arrangements, its action should be controlled in bilateral range, should not detrimental to the security interests of third countries. Especially since Taiwan strait complex sensitive, us-japan if from maintenance focused on regional peace and stability in the Taiwan issue, be sure to caution, don't send independence forces error messages.

(3) contact, containing both hands in strengthening

Skill pull skill choke, preventing add contact is America's strategic consistent policy, just different times, the priorities of the different tactics. Generally speaking, the military more emphasis on "prevent" side, the state council more emphasis on "contact" side. If Robert zoellick and KeQingSheng speech more embodies the contact side, then February 2006 us department of defense "four years defence assessment report" and "march the White House national security report" is gives prominence to prevent side of China. The former claimed that "China's military strength development has achieved the extent of change the local military balances," accusing China of the so-called military expenditure is not transparent. In June, 2006, held in Singapore 4th Asian security meeting, Chinese scholars us-japan of Chinese military opaque accused to us defense secretary Donald rumsfeld FanJie way: the United States military is transparent, but the United States has repeatedly to wage war, visible military transparency and war does not necessarily linked. Rumsfeld was speechless. The latter puts forward three America to China increased concern: one is Chinese military spending bill "transparency"; 2 it is China's energy security in the global seek the way and market open enough; Three is China support those energy rich countries and disregard the governments in these countries engaged in so-called "tyranny".